Animation depends on short-range Apparent Motion - Images displayed one after another with small variations appear to move.
Some types of animation rely on Persistence of Vision for flicker free viewing - an image presented to the eye is retained for a short period of time.
The animation of the top row depends on apparent motion. The objects are removed from one position and appear at the next position at the same time. The animation of the bottom row also depends on persistence of vision. There is 0.02secs between the time the object is removed and when it appears in the new position.
The thaumatrope was invented in 1825. The disc has a bird on one side and a cage on the other. If the disc on a string is spun fast, the bird appears in the cage due to persistence of vision.
Some humans suffer from Akinetopsia: the inability to see objects in motion, but can see stationary objects fine.
Some humans suffer from Achromatopsia: difficult to identify stationary objects, moving objects fine.
It is interesting that Achromatopsia people can see motion pictures.
Reference
THE MYTH OF PERSISTENCE OF VISION REVISITED By Joseph and Barbara Anderson, Journal of Film and Video, Vol. 45, No. 1 (Spring 1993): 3-12.