The process established by the 1920s remained in place with little real variation until the 1970s:

  • Storyboard: displaying in sequence the action and layout sketches for the animation
  • Key frames: drawings of the principal positions in a movement
  • Intermediate Frames: drawing between the key positions (in-betweening)
  • Pencil Tests: sequence of pencil animation drawings photographed and projected to check quality
  • Inking: tracing of outlines on to cels
  • Opaquing: filling in the colours on the cels
  • Rostrum camera: rigid support for a camera capable of exposing one frame at a time and the board onto which the background and cels are to be placed

The start of the BBC Tomorrows World programme below, recorded in 1971 shows Bob Godfrey's studio executing this process.

Tomorrows World: 1971