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Further reading □ Foreword □ Contents □ Preface □ Prologue □ Acknowledgements □ Participants □ 1. Introduction □ 2. Control Structures □ 3. Syntactic Structures □ 4. Cognitive psychology and interaction □ 5. Visual Communication □ 6. Presentations □ 7. Working Groups □ 8. Group Reports □ 9. Postscript □ 10. Position papers □ 10.1 Anson □ 10.2 Baecker □ 10.3 Bo □ 10.4 van den Bos □ 10.5 Crestin □ 10.6 Dunn □ 10.7 Dzida □ 10.8 Eckert □ 10.9 Encarnacao □ 10.10 Engelman □ 10.11 Foley □ 10.12 Guedj □ 10.13 ten Hagen □ 10.14 Hopgood □ 10.15 Klint □ 10.16 Krammer □ 10.17 Moran □ 10.18 Mudur □ 10.19 Negroponte □ 10.20 Newell □ 10.21 Newman □ 10.22 Nievergelt □ 10.23 Ohsuga □ 10.24 Rosenthal □ 10.25 Sancha □ 10.26 Shaw □ 10.27 Tozzi □ 11. Bibliography
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⟶ ACD ⟶ Literature ⟶ Books ⟶ Methodology of Interaction
⟶ ACD ⟶ Literature ⟶ Books ⟶ Methodology of Interaction
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Further reading ⇓

□ Foreword □ Contents □ Preface □ Prologue □ Acknowledgements □ Participants □ 1. Introduction □ 2. Control Structures □ 3. Syntactic Structures □ 4. Cognitive psychology and interaction □ 5. Visual Communication □ 6. Presentations □ 7. Working Groups □ 8. Group Reports □ 9. Postscript
10. Position papers
□ 10.1 Anson □ 10.2 Baecker □ 10.3 Bo □ 10.4 van den Bos □ 10.5 Crestin □ 10.6 Dunn □ 10.7 Dzida □ 10.8 Eckert □ 10.9 Encarnacao □ 10.10 Engelman □ 10.11 Foley □ 10.12 Guedj □ 10.13 ten Hagen □ 10.14 Hopgood □ 10.15 Klint □ 10.16 Krammer □ 10.17 Moran □ 10.18 Mudur □ 10.19 Negroponte □ 10.20 Newell □ 10.21 Newman □ 10.22 Nievergelt □ 10.23 Ohsuga □ 10.24 Rosenthal □ 10.25 Sancha □ 10.26 Shaw □ 10.27 Tozzi □ 11. Bibliography

7. WORKING GROUPS

If you don't look for Trouble,
how can you know it's there?

- Muggles, Maxims

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The Workshop split into about 5 or 6 groups with about 6 people in each. The groups worked independently for periods of several hours and then report back to the Workshop as a whole in a communal session. The comment and criticism would then influence the group's future work. The Workshop proceeded in this way with groups reporting back three times before submitting a final report.

The four presentations in Chapter 6 had raised a number of issues and many more were put forward as areas worthy of discussion. These were narrowed down until an initial set of groups was agreed. After the first session, two further groups emerged. This final set of groups is listed below. Participants in each group changed from session to session so that the final group reports tend to be influenced by the Workshop as a whole.

7.2 WORKING GROUPS

The set of groups are listed below.

7.2.1 Definition of Interaction

Several presentations had raised the question of what was interaction. Could systems that just reacted to user's input be termed interactive. Did interaction imply a symmetry between man and machine.

7.2.2 Models for Interaction

Several models of interaction were proposed in the position papers. The group agreed to look at whether these models were alternatives or whether they were related and looking at different aspects of some complete model. Could the model be broken down into a number of subparts.

7.2.3 Methodology for Designing Interactive Programs

To develop the fundamental principles for the design of interactive systems and user interfaces.

7.2.4 Specification of Dialogues and Interactive Programs

The group was to look at the problems in specifying and constructing interactive programs. The position papers had raised a number of new and difficult approaches (input tools, flow expressions, production systems, formal dialogue systems etc). Which were most likely to be applicable in a wide area? Could languages be defined for specifying interactive dialogues?

7.2.5 Programming Environment

The group was to look at better tools for constructing and especially changing user interfaces. As part of this, it is necessary to consider the requirements for an interactive programming environment.

7.2.6 Portability and Device Independence

The major question was whether portability and/or device independence could be achieved at the user interface. The group took portability to mean the preservation of application program structure across changes in interactive device, host computer and user.

7.2.7 Future

To consider future trends with respect to technologies, user groups, interactive media and intelligent software.

Many other topics were considered and rejected as the items were not worthy of discussion.

7.3 DISCUSSION

The groups came together three times during the Workshop to discuss the progress that had been made. At a final session there was also discussion of the final presentations. Rather than space these discussions out in chronological order, those parts relevant to each final presentation have been grouped together after it. There is, therefore, some inaccuracy in the time that comments were made but it does help to make the proceedings of the Workshop more coherent.

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