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Further reading □ Overview □ AARSETH, Sverre Johannes □ ASHFORD, John et al □ BLACK, Paul and OGBORN, Jon □ BUCHHOLDT, Hans Anchor □ BUSHBY, Fred □ COLIN, Andrew □ DELVES, Mike □ DORMAND, John □ EILBECK, Chris □ GALLAHER, Donald Frederick □ GERRATT, Joe □ HARRIS, Robin et al □ HIRST, David and LININGTON, Mary □ HODGSON, Peter □ HUGHES, Arthur □ KITCHING, Alan □ LE GRICE, Malcolm □ MUSTOE, Les □ PETO, Richard and PIKE, Malcolm □ PLATTS, Jim □ PRITCHETT, Tony □ REID, John □ ROBERTS, Gareth and POLANCO, J □ SABIR, A et al □ STOCKER, Peter □ SUTCLIFFE, Brian □ TOBGY, Ahmed □ WEBB, TG □ WINTERBONE, Desmond □ WYMER, Clifford □ Crystallographers
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Further reading ⇓

□ Overview □ AARSETH, Sverre Johannes □ ASHFORD, John et al □ BLACK, Paul and OGBORN, Jon □ BUCHHOLDT, Hans Anchor □ BUSHBY, Fred □ COLIN, Andrew □ DELVES, Mike □ DORMAND, John □ EILBECK, Chris □ GALLAHER, Donald Frederick □ GERRATT, Joe □ HARRIS, Robin et al □ HIRST, David and LININGTON, Mary □ HODGSON, Peter □ HUGHES, Arthur □ KITCHING, Alan □ LE GRICE, Malcolm □ MUSTOE, Les □ PETO, Richard and PIKE, Malcolm □ PLATTS, Jim □ PRITCHETT, Tony □ REID, John □ ROBERTS, Gareth and POLANCO, J □ SABIR, A et al □ STOCKER, Peter □ SUTCLIFFE, Brian □ TOBGY, Ahmed □ WEBB, TG □ WINTERBONE, Desmond □ WYMER, Clifford □ Crystallographers

Paul Black and Jon Ogborn, Nuffield Advanced Physics Project

Paul Black and Jon Ogborn used the Chilton Atlas and the SC4020 in 1968-1969 to produce a set of six computer animated films called Change and Chance.

Jon Ogborn (Chelsea College, University of London) and Paul Black (Physics Department, Birmingham University) had become the Joint Organisers for the Nuffied Foundations' A-Level Physics Course. Unit 9 of the course was called Change and Chance and included:

The Change and chance unit was based on a creative approach to statistical thermodynamics which used very little mathematics. The approach was later taken over by Nuffield Advanced Chemistry under the slogan Molecules don't care, and later was also adopted by Salters Advanced Chemistry.

The computer programs were produced using the Atlas Algol system and the GROATS graphics library. They were started when the SC4020 system still had the original 16mm camera without pin registration.

The Course book and films were published by Penguin Books, the first time a major publisher had sold computer animated films.

A Quantum Shuffling Game for Teaching Statistical Mechanics, P J Black, P Davies and J M Ogborn

A game is described in which students can use random numbers according to simple rules to simulate an Einstein model of a crystal and produce a Boltzmann distribution. Computer films exploit the game further to show heat flow from hot to cold as a random process and to establish other results as a basis for further teaching on entropy. The theoretical status of the game is discussed in detail, and possible developments of other games are briefly considered.

Paul Black became increasingly interested in education and in 1976 he left to become Professor of Science Education and Director of the Centre for Science and Mathematics Education, at Chelsea College in London. On its merger with King's in 1985 he headed the King's Centre for Educational Studies. In 1987 he chaired the government's task group on assessment and testing, which devised the assessment structure for the national curriculum. A major point was that teachers' assessments should be at the heart of any national system.

This was accepted in principle and completely ignored in subsequent policy.

Paul retired in 1995 and is now Emeritus Professor of Science Education at King's. He is as active today as he had been before his retirement.

Jon Ogborn also remained active in education after the Nuffield Advanced Physics Project producing a number of books:

Also many papers.

His citation for the International Commission on Physics education(ICPE) Medal in 2006 gives more details of his recent career. He has also become an Honorary Fellow of the Institute Of Physics.

He is currently Emeritus Professor of Science Education at the University of London, Institute of Education.

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